Powder Coating Types & Materials-powder coating china
Forget wet paint. Try a dry finish. Powder coatings are excellent choices for that final film of color, texture or protection. According to the Powder Coating Institute, powder coating is a more economical and environmentally friendly alternative to liquid paint, and it’s been around since the 1960s.
Compared to liquid paint, powder coat finishes are more durable, attractive and resistant to corrosion and chemicals. The powders used are made of polymer resins that adhere to metals when electrically charged. During the application process, an electrostatic gun sprays the powder onto a grounded metal surface.
Different powder coat types offer special properties and effects. Let’s dig into the types of powder coatings and their characteristics.
Two Types of Powder Coatings
Powder coatings are made of polymer resins, pigments and curing agents. Together, these ingredients mix to make colorful powders that adhere to metals when charged. There are thousands of powders and combinations, meaning that there are almost infinite possibilities for the color, texture and physical properties of a powder coat finish.
There are two broad categories of powder coatings: thermoplastics and thermosets.
Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics are synthetic materials that soften when heated. You can melt thermoplastics at high temperatures, which means these types of powder coatings can be reformed and recycled. Powder coatings that are reversible and reusable have their perks, but they are not suitable for environments with intense heat.
Thermoplastic powder coatings are more durable than thermoset coatings because you can apply thicker layers without the coating becoming brittle. Manufacturers apply thermoplastic coatings to metal parts, auto parts and kitchen appliances.
Thermosets
Thermoplastic coatings can become liquid, eliminating all chemical bonds. Thermosets, on the other hand, experience a chemical cross-linking reaction when heated. This reaction changes the properties of the plastic, causing it to form a solid coating.
A thermoset powder coating can’t be recycled since chemical bonds form as the powders cure. These chemical bonds prevent thermosets from melting, which makes them ideal choices for high heat environments. Some thermoset powder coatings can withstand up to 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Though they have an extraordinary resistance to heat, thermosets have a disadvantage: they become brittle the thicker they are applied.
Common Powder Coat Materials
A powder’s polymer resins can be mixed with other materials or ingredients to create unique looks and textures. Depending on the materials used, a coating may become stronger, more resistant to fading or protected from corrosion.
Thermoplastic Powder Coat Materials
Polyesters
Manufacturers apply polyester powder coatings to many products, including outdoor furniture, fencing and auto parts. These coatings come in an array of colors and gloss levels. Leave polyester-coated products outside, and they will weather the elements well while resisting impacts and abrasions. Most polyester powder coatings offer one to three years of UV resistance.
Polyester coatings maintain color and gloss when exposed to UV light, only experiencing minor fading over time. While polyesters can handle the sun, they have a lower resistance to chemicals. Super durable polyester powder coatings work best for pieces that will remain outside permanently.
Nylons
Nylon powder coatings have a solid resistance to solvents and oils. They can withstand impacts and abrasions and are primarily used for protective applications. Many industrial parts manufacturers safeguard their components with nylon powder coatings because of their strength.
Polyvinyl Chlorides (PVC)
Approved by the FDA, polyvinyl chloride coatings can be used in industries that require food contact. Polyvinyl chloride coatings are pliable and durable, and they can also be used as insulators for electric lines.
Polyolefins
Polyolefin is a thermoplastic that’s resistant to abrasions and chemicals. With its great adhesion properties, a polyolefin powder coating produces a final finish with a very smooth surface. Many lab equipment parts are coated with polyolefin because the sleek surfaces are easy to clean again and again.
Polyurethanes
Polyurethane powder coatings have strong weathering characteristics and anti-corrosion properties. They have a resistance to humidity as well as resistance to many chemicals and oils. Polyurethane’s versatility means it can be used to coat interior decorations and outdoor products that remain exposed to the elements.
Fluoropolymers
Fluoropolymers offer great weathering properties and amazing color retention. Due to these characteristics, architectural markets use fluoropolymers for exterior elements like windows and doors. The most common types of fluoropolymers are FEVE and PVDF. FEVE resins have superior one coat capabilities and excellent outdoor performance. PVDF resins always need a primer beneath them.
Urethanes
Urethanes are similar to polyesters, but they use different curing agents. These types of powder coatings leave a smooth finish while maintaining good exterior durability. Fuel tanks, agricultural equipment, car rims, and even doorknobs are coated with urethanes because of their appearance and resilience. A word of caution: At greater thicknesses, urethane powder coatings can become brittle and outgas.
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