LSFT Large-Scale Fire Test System，large scale combustion test system
The LSFT Large-Scale Fire Test System is a specialized testing platform designed for extreme verification of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) safety performance. Built according to international standards including UL 9540A, NFPA-855 G.11 Appendix, and CSA TS-800. it simulates realistic fire scenarios such as external flame attack or internal battery thermal runaway. The system automatically collects and analyzes key parameters of the energy storage system, evaluating fire resistance, flame spread control, and structural stability. It provides a comprehensive solution for large-scale fire testing, ensuring reliable safety assessment under extreme conditions.
Application
Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Safety Testing
Evaluates fire resistance, flame spread control, and structural stability of storage containers under realistic fire scenarios.
Research and Development
Provides data for BESS design optimization, material selection, and safety engineering through large-scale fire testing.
Safety Certification
Supports compliance with UL 9540A, NFPA-855. and CSA TS-800. enabling standardized assessment for fire safety certification.
Fire Protection Engineering
Tests protective structures, fire barriers, and exhaust systems in large-scale energy storage facilities.
Standards
The system complies with the following international standards:
(1) UL 9540A-2025 – Standard for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems
(2) NFPA-855 G.11 Appendix – Standard for Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems
(3) CSA TS-800 – Test Method for Large-Scale Fire Test Systems in Energy Storage Applications
Parameters
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Footprint | Determined by actual test requirements |
| Electrical Load | Determined by actual test requirements |
| Heat Release Rate Measurement | Supports up to 20 MW stable combustion tests |
| Gas Analysis | Multi-functional gas analyzers including FTIR, total hydrocarbon analyzers, and sensors |
| Data Acquisition | 300+ temperature channels, 30+ voltage channels, optional 2–8 high-frequency pressure channels |
| Fire Triggering | 4+ heating channels, 8-channel high-voltage spark, 8-channel silicon nitride igniters |
| Monitoring | Thermal imaging infrared cameras, explosion-proof cameras, video recorders, optional high-speed or drone cameras |
| Environmental Monitoring | Temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, wind direction |
Features
Realistic Large-Scale Fire Simulation
Provides controlled testing of BESS under external flame attacks or internal thermal runaway.
Comprehensive Heat Release Monitoring
Measures heat release rate, smoke opacity, duct temperature, and airflow in real time.
Modular Test Structures
Movable calorimetric structures enable sample installation, pre-warning, and system protection.
Fire Containment & Safety
C-shaped refractory protective walls safeguard the experiment and reduce environmental impact.
Advanced Exhaust Treatment
Exhaust system with 200.000 m³/h flow using water film cyclonic scrubber, high-voltage electric separation, and activated carbon adsorption for toxic gas neutralization.
Multi-Channel Gas Analysis
FTIR, total hydrocarbon analysis, and sensor arrays allow precise gas composition monitoring.
High-Density Data Acquisition
Over 300 temperature channels and 30 voltage channels, with optional high-frequency pressure acquisition.
Fire Triggering Capability
Heating channels, high-voltage spark, and silicon nitride igniters trigger battery thermal runaway or gas ignition.
Comprehensive Monitoring & Recording
Infrared thermal imaging, explosion-proof cameras, video recording, and optional high-speed cameras or drones capture test progress.
Environmental Parameter Monitoring
Continuous measurement of temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric pressure.
Remote Observation & Control
Dedicated remote monitoring room provides safe observation, real-time data visualization, and multi-dimensional analysis.
Accessories
(1) Movable calorimetric test structure
(2) C-shaped refractory fire containment walls
(3) Exhaust gas purification system
(4) FTIR gas analyzer
(5) Total hydrocarbon analyzer
(6) Multi-channel sensors for temperature, voltage, and pressure
(7) Heating channels for fire triggering
(8) High-voltage spark and silicon nitride igniters
(9) Thermal imaging and explosion-proof cameras
(10) Remote monitoring control console
Test Procedures
Site Preparation: Configure the testing area according to fire test requirements and ensure safety systems are in place.
Sample Installation: Mount the energy storage system or container on the movable calorimetric structure.
Environmental Setup: Verify environmental parameters and ensure exhaust systems are operational.
System Configuration: Program data acquisition channels, gas analyzers, and fire triggering devices according to the test plan.
Initiate Fire Test: Trigger external flame attack or internal battery thermal runaway using heating channels, sparks, or igniters.
Real-Time Monitoring: Observe heat release rate, gas composition, smoke opacity, duct parameters, and structural response.
Data Recording: Capture video, thermal imaging, and all sensor data.
Test Completion: Safely extinguish flames, allow cooling, and retrieve test samples. Export data for analysis.
Maintenance Information
Inspect calorimetric structures, fire containment walls, and igniters for integrity before each test.
Maintain exhaust purification units by cleaning water film scrubbers, activated carbon filters, and electric separators regularly.
Calibrate sensors, data acquisition systems, and gas analyzers periodically.
Verify heating channels, spark generators, and igniters for operational readiness.
Backup all acquired data and system logs to ensure traceability and compliance documentation.
Conclusion
The LSFT Large-Scale Fire Test System provides a comprehensive platform for extreme fire testing of battery energy storage systems. By integrating heat release monitoring, multi-channel gas analysis, environmental monitoring, and remote observation, it allows safe and accurate evaluation of flame spread, structural stability, and fire mitigation measures. The system supports international compliance with UL 9540A, NFPA-855. and CSA TS-800. enabling reliable assessment for research, certification, and industrial safety validation.
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