Sweating Thermal Manikin
Walter sweating manikins are designed with high accuracy to replicate people’s responses to different environmental conditions, including temperature variations, humidity levels, and airflow effects. This makes them a vital tool for industries aiming to optimize thermal comfort and thermal regulation in products and spaces.Other manikins the simulation of sweating is usually limited by the number of practically manageable sweat glands. Notably the number of sweat glands in each of these manikins is far fewer than the number of sweat glands actually exists in human body [the total number of sweat glands in human body is nearly 6 million (i.e., 100–400 sweat glands/cm2 of body part, depending on the body part)]. Furthermore, these manikins cannot maintain the consistent sweating, which leads to inaccurately determine the humidity on the surface of the manikin. Additionally, these manikins are expensive due to their complicated control systems for heating and water supply. “Walter” is the first inexpensive but accurate sweating thermal manikin that is developed mainly by water and high strength breathable (i.e., water impermeable but water vapor or moisture permeable) fabric, i.e., polytetrafluroethylene Gortex membrane.
Standards compliant
ISO 15831:2004 (E): Clothing-Physiological effects - Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin
ISO 23537-1:Requirements for sleeping bags
ASTM F 1291-04: Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
ASTM F 1720: Standard Test Method for Measuring Thermal Insulation of Sleeping Bags Using a Heated Manikin
ASTM F 2370: Standard Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
ASTM F2371:Standard Test Method for Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
ASTM F2732:Standard Practice for Determining the Temperature Ratings for Cold Weather Protective Clothing
EN 13537:Sleeping Bag Temperature Ratings Explained
EN 342:Clothing to protect against cold
ANSI/ISEA 201:Classification of Insulating Apparel Used in Cold Work Environments
ENV 342:Protective clothing - Ensembles for protection against cold
GB/T 18398 – Testing method for clothing thermal resistance
GB/T 11048 – Warmth retention property of textiles
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