High-Low Temperature Gravel Impact Tester ASTM D3170
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High-Low Temperature Multifunctional Aggregate Impact Tester is a professional testing instrument designed to accurately reproduce damage caused by flying gravel under controlled high- and low-temperature environments. This tester is mainly used to evaluate the stone-chip impact resistance of coatings, coating systems, plastics, glass, and other exterior materials. By precisely controlling impact angle, pressure, temperature, and test media, it allows comprehensive assessment of coating adhesion, interlayer bonding performance, brittleness, spall resistance, and impact durability under simulated real-world conditions.
Standards
The tester complies with and supports evaluation methods defined in the following international and industry standards:
(1) SAE J400 – Gravelometer testing for resistance of automotive coatings and materials
(2) VDA 621427 – Stone-chip resistance test for surface coatings
(3) ISO 20567-1 – Paints and varnishes – Determination of stone-chip resistance – Part 1: Multi-impact testing
(4) ASTM D3170 – Standard test method for chipping resistance of coatings
(5) GMW 14668-3.4.9 – Stone impact testing for automotive interior and exterior parts
(6) Peugeot / Citroën D241312 – Evaluation of vehicle coating resistance to stone impact
(7) Chrysler 463PB-52-01 – Stone impact resistance evaluation for materials and coatings
(8) Chrysler 463PB-39-01 – Stone impact testing for automotive components
(9) Mazda MES MN 601C – Stone impact resistance testing of materials and coatings
(10) Ford BI 157-04 – Evaluation of automotive coating resistance to stone impact
(11) Ford BI 157-05 – Evaluation of automotive coating resistance to stone impact
(12) Toyota / Nissan – Stone-chip impact test requirements for automotive interior and exterior parts
Parameters
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Test environment | Temperature 5–35 °C, relative humidity ≤85% RH |
| Working pressure range | 0–5.0 kgf/cm² (adjustable), max up to 8.0 kgf/cm² |
| Compressed air pipe diameter | ≥19 mm |
| Air tank volume | 180 L (maintains 400 kPa for ≥10 s) |
| Feeding method | Automatic feeding, adjustable speed |
| VDA spray gun diameter | 30.0 ± 0.5 mm |
| SAE spray gun diameter | 52.6 ± 0.5 mm |
| Working time | 0–999 s adjustable |
| Vibration time | 0–999 s adjustable |
| Cycle count | 0–99 cycles |
| Impact angle adjustment | 3D adjustable test table, 0–180°, with digital angle display |
| Impact window size | 300 × 300 mm (adjustable support, sample thickness ≤30 mm) |
| Chamber dimensions | Approx. 1800 × 1000 × 1200 mm |
| Chamber structure | ≥6 mm steel plate with coating; 10 mm steel impact window |
| Impact media | 4–5 mm angular steel grit (61–65 HRC), 8–16 mm terrazzo, or JIS A5001 stones |
| Test pressure | 100 ± 5 kPa, 200 ± 10 kPa |
| Test cycles | 1–5 cycles |
| Spray duration | 8–12 s / 500 g or 30–35 s / 2000 g |
| Spray angle | 54° ± 1° (optional 90° ± 1°) |
| Spray distance | 10–500 mm adjustable |
| Sample size | 80 × 80 mm or 200 × 100 mm |
| Low temperature range | −20 °C to −70 °C (settable) |
| High temperature range | Ambient to 150 °C (settable) |
| Pressure range | 0–1 MPa adjustable |
| Independent temperature chamber | −40 °C to 100 °C |
| Noise level | ≤120 dBA (hearing protection required) |
| Operation mode | Continuous operation |
| Test media | Gravel, sand, steel shot, iron shot |
| Feeding rate | Adjustable via electromagnetic vibration feeder |
| Airflow control | Built-in air storage ensures stable pressure and flow |
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