Nisin
Nisin is a natural polypeptide antibacterial substance produced by Streptococcus lactis. Its acute oral toxicity in rats is LD₅₀ > 2000 mg/kg body weight (belonging to the "actually non-toxic" level, with LD₅₀ > 500 mg/kg as a reference for low toxicity). Its toxicity level is close to that of table salt (LD₅₀ about 3000 mg/kg), and much lower than that of common food additives (such as sodium benzoate with LD₅₀ about 2700 mg/kg).
The intraperitoneal injection of LD₅₀ in mice was 700 mg/kg, and the intravenous injection of LD₅₀ was 325 mg/kg, both indicating an extremely low risk of acute toxicity.
In the 90-day feeding experiment of rats, when the dose reached 1000 mg/kg body weight per day, no abnormalities in indicators such as body weight, blood biochemistry, and histopathology were observed. Two-year carcinogenicity experiments have shown that even high-dose exposure does not induce tumorigenesis.
In 2018, the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) of the European Union evaluated and determined that Nisin had no risk of genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity or chronic toxicity within the reasonable use range.
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