L-lysine monohydrochloride

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1. Solid Form Stability

• Ambient conditions (25 °C, 60% RH): Stable for ≥36 months in sealed, dry packaging (e.g., aluminum foil bags, HDPE drums). No hygroscopy, caking, oxidation, or decomposition occurs; physical and chemical properties remain unchanged.
• High humidity (>80% RH): Slightly absorbs moisture (mild hygroscopy) but no chemical change; caking may occur after prolonged exposure, but bioactivity and chemical purity are retained after drying (80 °C, vacuum).
• Thermal processing: Stable at temperatures < 180 °C (e.g., feed pelleting at 70–90 °C, food extrusion at 120–160 °C, pharmaceutical dry granulation at 60–80 °C); no decomposition or loss of bioactivity. Decomposition only occurs at >260 °C (far above conventional processing temperatures).

2. Aqueous Solution Stability

• pH range: Stable in aqueous solution over a pH range of 2.0–10.0 (25 °C) for ≥6 months (sealed, dark storage). No hydrolysis, racemization, or decomposition occurs in this pH range.
• Extreme pH: Decomposition occurs at pH < 1.0 (strong acid, prolonged heating) or pH > 12.0 (strong base), with deamination of the ε-amino group and formation of byproducts.
• Temperature: Aqueous solutions are stable at 0–40 °C; slow oxidation may occur at >60 °C (prolonged heating) with the formation of minor amine byproducts.
• Light: Stable to natural and artificial light (no photodegradation); no need for dark storage for aqueous solutions (sealed storage to prevent evaporation is sufficient).

3. Compatibility with Other Substances

• Food/feed ingredients: sugars, starches, proteins, vitamins (A, B, C, E), minerals (Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, K⁺), antioxidants, preservatives, and flavorings.
• Pharmaceutical excipients: lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, magnesium stearate, povidone (PVP), and cellulose ethers.
• Biological reagents: buffers, enzymes, antibodies, and cell culture media components (critical for its use in cell culture and biochemistry).

4. Recommended Storage and Handling Conditions

• Solid form: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area (temperature: 0–30 °C, relative humidity: <75%); seal in airtight, moisture-proof packaging (aluminum foil, HDPE with inner plastic liner); avoid contact with strong oxidants and heavy metals.
• Aqueous solution: Prepare fresh or store in sealed glass/HDPE containers (0–4 °C for long-term storage); avoid strong acid/alkali and high temperatures (>60 °C).
• Transport: Non-hazardous chemical (no UN number); transport under normal conditions (avoid prolonged exposure to high humidity and direct sunlight).

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