L-Lysine monohydrochloride

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Density and Refractive Index of L-Lysine monohydrochloride
Bulk density: 0.6–0.8 g/cm³ (crystalline powder); tap density: 0.8–1.0 g/cm³— favorable for industrial packaging, transportation, and formulation (low caking tendency).
True density: 1.24 g/cm³ (crystalline solid, 25 °C).
Refractive index: nD20​ = 1.485 (for a 10% w/v aqueous solution)— a reference value for qualitative and quantitative analysis (e.g., refractometry).
Optical Activity of L-Lysine monohydrochloride
As a chiral L-amino acid salt, it exhibits optical rotation— a key property for identifying its chirality and purity (distinguishing from D-lysine or racemic DL-lysine):
Specific rotation ([α]D25​): +20.3° to +21.5° (for a 10% w/v aqueous solution, measured with sodium D line (589 nm), 25 °C, 1 dm polarimeter tube).
The specific rotation is constant for pure L-lysine monohydrochloride; a deviation from this range indicates the presence of D-lysine, racemates, or other impurities— a critical quality control index in industrial production.

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