DL-methionine
The methylthio group is the most distinctive functional group in DL-methionine and can participate in substitution and addition reactions. Alkylation substitution reaction: The sulfur atom in the methylthio group has a lone pair of electrons, making it a nucleophilic site that can react with alkyl halides (e.g., methyl iodide) to form sulfonium salts. This reaction is the basis for the synthesis of methionine derivatives with enhanced biological activity. Cleavage reaction: Under the action of strong nucleophiles (e.g., sodium hydroxide in the presence of hydrogen peroxide) or enzymes (e.g., methionine lyase), the C-S bond in the methylthio group can be cleaved, producing homocysteine and methanethiol. In biological systems, this cleavage reaction is catalyzed by specific enzymes and is a key step in methionine metabolism.
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