GB/T 19666 Toxicity Index Tester，combustion gas toxicity tester
The GB/T 19666 Toxicity Index Tester is a specialized instrument designed for evaluating the toxicity of combustion gases generated from flame-retardant and fire-resistant wires, cables, and optical cables. Based on controlled thermal decomposition or combustion in a tube furnace, the system introduces a defined flow of smoke into standard absorption solutions or gas sampling bags for subsequent quantitative analysis. The tester is widely applied in smoke toxicity assessments required by railway, cable, and fire safety standards, providing reliable data to support material safety evaluation under fire conditions.
Application
The GB/T 19666 Toxicity Index Tester is used for smoke toxicity testing in accordance with multiple international and regional standards. Typical application scenarios include:
Flame-retardant and fire-resistant power cables
Railway rolling stock cables and signal cables
Optical fiber cables and communication cables
Polymer insulation and sheath materials
Halogen-containing and halogen-free cable compounds
The instrument supports both absorption-liquid analysis and gas bag collection methods, allowing flexible downstream analysis depending on the test standard and laboratory requirements.
Standards
The system complies with the following standards and test methods:
(1) GB/T 19666 – General Rules for Flame-Retardant and Fire-Resistant Wires, Cables or Optical Cables
(2) EN 50305 – Railway Applications – Test Methods for Fire Behaviour of Electric Cables
(3) BS 6853 Annex B – Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in the Design and Construction of Passenger Carrying Trains
(4) ISO 19700 – Controlled Equivalence Ratio Method for the Determination of Toxic Product Yields in Fire Effluents (Steady-State Tube Furnace Method)
Parameters
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Tube furnace heating length | 600 mm |
| Temperature range | 0–1100 °C |
| Temperature accuracy | ±0.1 °C |
| Quartz tube | Heat-resistant quartz, thickness ≥ 2 mm |
| SO₂ measurement range | 0–1000 ppm |
| SO₂ resolution | 1 ppm |
| SO₂ accuracy | ±30 ppm |
| NOₓ measurement range | 0–3000 ppm |
| NOₓ resolution | 1 ppm |
| NOₓ accuracy | ±30 ppm |
| Gas sampling bag | PTFE-coated, 80 L capacity, with imported manual sampler |
| CO measurement range | 0–10 % |
| CO resolution | 0.01 % |
| CO accuracy | Absolute ±0.1 % or relative ±3 % |
| CO₂ measurement range | 0–20 % |
| CO₂ resolution | 0.01 % |
| CO₂ accuracy | Absolute ±0.2 % or relative ±3 % |
| Spectral analysis device | Spectrometer at 500 nm wavelength, membrane thickness 10 mm |
| Absorption solution | 0.1 N NaOH |
| Titration reagents | Picric acid aqueous solution (3 g/dm³) and sodium carbonate aqueous solution (50 g/dm³) |
Features
Sealed chamber design with the smoke generation system installed internally, providing stable operation and effective protection of core components
Large observation window allowing clear visual monitoring of test status and specimen movement
Integrated industrial design with panel-mounted structure, offering intuitive operation and ergonomic user interface
Tube furnace protected by perforated outer housing to enhance heat dissipation and ensure uniform temperature rise to the target value
High-temperature K-type thermocouple for accurate measurement of specimen zone temperature
Ceramic combustion boat driven by strong magnetic coupling and transmission mechanism for stable and repeatable specimen delivery into the furnace core
Precision lead-screw transmission system enabling accurate positioning and reliable sealing of the quartz tube, reducing the risk of damage due to manual operation
Dual filtration columns filled with activated carbon and color-changing silica gel for effective carrier gas purification and drying
Branded computer with dedicated control software for automatic test process control
Software-based temperature regulation and stabilization with real-time curve recording, automatic data display, storage, and report generation
Accessories
(1) Heat-resistant quartz tube
(2) Ceramic combustion boat
(3) PTFE-coated gas sampling bag (80 L)
(4) Activated carbon filter column
(5) Color-changing silica gel filter column
(6) K-type thermocouple
(7) Dedicated control software and industrial computer
Test Procedures
1. Pre-Test Preparation
Ensure the tester is installed in a well-ventilated laboratory environment. Verify that the tube furnace, quartz tube, and filtration system are clean and properly assembled. Check that the absorption solution (0.1 N NaOH) and titration reagents are prepared according to specified concentrations. Confirm normal operation of the temperature control system, gas analysis instruments, and data acquisition software.
2. Specimen Loading
Place the prepared test specimen into the ceramic combustion boat. Using the magnetic drive and transmission mechanism, steadily convey the boat into the center of the tube furnace. The lead-screw positioning system ensures accurate alignment and reliable sealing at the quartz tube interface, minimizing gas leakage during the test.
3. Heating and Smoke Generation
Set the target temperature according to the selected standard. The furnace temperature is automatically controlled by the software, with uniform heating achieved through regulated power output. As the specimen undergoes thermal decomposition or combustion, the generated smoke is carried by a controlled gas flow toward the sampling and absorption system.
4. Gas Collection and Analysis
The combustion gases are either introduced into the NaOH absorption solution via bubbling or collected in PTFE-coated gas sampling bags for subsequent analysis. Online infrared gas analyzers continuously measure CO and CO₂ concentrations, while SO₂ and NOₓ are determined using dedicated measurement channels or chemical analysis methods. All test data are automatically recorded and stored by the control software.
Maintenance Information
Regularly inspect the quartz tube, ceramic combustion boat, and furnace interior for residue buildup and clean them as required. Check the condition of the activated carbon and silica gel in the filter columns and replace them when saturation or discoloration is observed. Verify calibration of gas analyzers and temperature sensors according to laboratory quality procedures. Ensure the lead-screw transmission and magnetic drive mechanisms operate smoothly to maintain positioning accuracy.
Conclusion
The GB/T 19666 Toxicity Index Tester provides a comprehensive and standardized solution for evaluating the toxicity of fire effluents from cables and related materials. By integrating precise temperature control, stable smoke generation, flexible gas collection methods, and automated data processing, the system meets the requirements of GB/T, EN, BS, and ISO standards, supporting reliable fire safety assessment in railway and cable industries.
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