L-Methionine
L-Methionine is a critical precursor for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the body’s primary intracellular antioxidant, through the transsulfuration pathway:
It is first converted to S-adenosylmethionine, then to homocysteine, and finally to cysteine (via cystathionine β-synthase and γ-lyase). Cysteine combines with glutamate and glycine to form GSH.
GSH scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS, e.g., superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide) and lipid peroxides, protecting cell membranes, proteins, and DNA from oxidative damage. It also regenerates other antioxidants (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin E) and detoxifies xenobiotics (e.g., heavy metals, drugs) in the liver by forming soluble conjugates for excretion.
L-Methionine supplementation enhances GSH levels, particularly in tissues with high oxidative stress (e.g., liver, kidneys, muscles), reducing the risk of oxidative stress-related diseases (e.g., liver cirrhosis, neurodegenerative disorders, aging-related damage).
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