Cenosphere

Detailed Introduction

is a lightweight, hollow sphere made largely ofsilicaandaluminaand filled with air or inert gas, typically produced as acoal combustion byproductatthermal power plants. The color of cenospheres varies from gray to almost white and theirdensityis about 0.4–0.8g/cm3(0.014–0.029lb/cuin), which gives them a greatbuoyancy.

Cenospheres are hard and rigid, light, waterproof, innoxious, and insulative. This makes them highly useful in a variety of products, notablyfillers.

Cenospheres are now used as fillers incementto produce low-densityconcrete.Some manufacturers have begun filling metals and polymers with cenospheres to make lightweightcomposite materialswith higher strength than other types offoammaterials.Such composite materials are calledsyntactic foam. Aluminum-based syntactic foams are finding applications in theautomotivesector.Cenospheres are used inconductivecoatings, tiles and fabrics. Another use is in conductivepaintsforantistaticcoatings andelectromagnetic shielding.

The process of burning coal in thermal power plants producesfly ashcontainingceramicparticles made largely ofaluminaandsilica. They are produced at temperatures of 1,500 to 1,750°C (2,730 to 3,180°F) through complicated chemical and physical transformation. Their chemical composition and structure varies considerably depending on the composition of coal that generated them.

The ceramic particles in fly ash have three types of structures. The first type of particles are solid and are calledprecipitator. The second type of particles are hollow and are calledcenospheres. The third type of particles are calledplerospheres, which are hollow particles of large diameter filled with smaller size precipitator and cenospheres.

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