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Phospholipids need to be stored in a sealed environment to prevent oxidation caused by exposure to oxygen in the air, which can lead to a series of chemical changes and structural alterations. The following are some possible changes due to the oxidation of phospholipids:
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Oxidation of fatty acid chains: The unsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acid chains of phospholipids (such as linoleic acid and oleic acid) are prone to oxidative attack by oxygen. This oxidation can result in the destruction and oxidative damage of the double bonds in the fatty acid chains, forming peroxides and oxidation products.
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Formation of lipid peroxides: During the oxidation of phospholipids, free radical reactions can trigger lipid peroxidation. Peroxides, the products of oxidized fatty acid chains, are highly reactive and may cause damage to cell membranes and other biomolecules.
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Structural and functional changes: Oxidation of phospholipids can lead to changes in their structure and function. The chemical changes caused by oxidation may alter the shape of phospholipid molecules, change membrane fluidity, and compromise the integrity and stability of the membrane. This can affect the function of cell membranes, such as signal transduction, regulation of ion channels, and membrane permeability.
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Free radical production and chain reactions: The oxidation of phospholipids is initiated by free radicals, and the oxidation products themselves can act as free radicals to further propagate chain reactions. This can lead to uncontrolled spreading of oxidation reactions within the cell, causing extensive damage to cell membranes and other biomolecules.
The oxidation of phospholipids induces a series of chemical and structural changes that may adversely affect the function and stability of cell membranes. Therefore, reducing phospholipid oxidation is important to minimize damage to cells and organisms.
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