L-proline

Metabolism and Safety of L-proline
Metabolic pathway: Mainly metabolized in the liver and kidneys, it is converted into glutamate hemialdehyde through proline dehydrogenase and further participates in amino acid metabolism or the energy cycle.
Safety: As an amino acid naturally occurring in the human body, it has high safety at normal doses. However, excessive intake may cause nausea, vomiting or metabolic burden, especially for those with impaired kidney function, caution is needed.
Limit standards: Food additives usually follow the safety dosage recommendations of the FDA or EFSA (for example, there is no definite upper limit for daily intake, but it needs to be combined with individual health conditions).

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