Phospholipids
Phospholipids are a type of lipid containing phosphate groups and are the main components of biological membranes, playing a crucial role in the structure and function of cells.
Basic structure
Phospholipids are composed of glycerol (or sphingosine), fatty acids, phosphate groups and nitrogen-containing compounds, and their structure has a unique amphiphilic property:
Hydrophilic head: The phosphate group combines with nitrogen-containing compounds (such as choline, ethanolamine, serine, etc.), is polar, and readily soluble in water.
Hydrophobic tail: Two fatty acid chains (long-chain hydrocarbon groups), non-polar, insoluble in water.
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