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Metabolism and Safety of L-Methionine L-Methionine is absorbed in the small intestine via amino acid transporters and metabolized primarily in the liver. Its metabolic pathways include protein synthesis, transsulfuration (to cysteine and GSH), and remethylation (recycling to methionine). Excess methionine is catabolized to carbon dioxide, sulfuric acid, and urea, which are excreted from the body, with no significant accumulation under normal intake levels. In terms of safety, L-Methionine has a high margin of safety. The FAO/WHO recommends a daily intake of 13 mg/kg body weight for adults, and no adverse effects have been reported at doses within this range. However, excessive supplementation (exceeding 1000 mg/day for long periods) may lead to hyperhomocysteinemia, which is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, or gastrointestinal discomfort (e.g., nausea, diarrhea). Individuals with liver or kidney disorders should use it under medical supervision, as impaired organ function may affect methionine metabolism.
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