L-Lysine Monohydrochloride Price

Reactions of Carboxyl and Amino Groups (Typical Amino Acid Reactions)

• Neutralization reaction: Reacts with strong bases (e.g., NaOH, KOH) in aqueous solution to form L-lysine alkali metal salts (e.g., L-lysine sodium) and NaCl/KCl; the reaction is stoichiometric (1:2 molar ratio of L-lysine monohydrochloride to NaOH, due to two protonated amino groups).
• Acid-base titration: Exhibitsthree inflection pointsin aqueous titration with NaOH (corresponding to the dissociation of α-COOH, α-NH3⁺, and ε-NH3⁺), which is used for quantitative determination (acid-base titration is the official method for L-lysine monohydrochloride content in pharmacopoeias (USP, EP, ChP) and feed/food standards).
• Peptide bond formation: Reacts with the amino/carboxyl groups of other amino acids under enzymatic (protease) or chemical (e.g., DCC coupling) catalysis to form peptide bonds— the basis for its incorporation into proteins and synthetic peptide formulations.
• N-acylation: The α- and ε-amino groups react with acylating agents (e.g., acetic anhydride, fatty acyl chlorides) under mild alkaline conditions (pH 8–9) to form N-acyl lysine derivatives (e.g., N-acetyl L-lysine)— used in food additives and pharmaceutical intermediates.
• Esterification: The α-carboxyl group reacts with alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol) under acidic catalysis (H2SO4, HCl) to form lysine esters— important for synthetic organic chemistry and drug synthesis.

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